Background: Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) is the commonest symptomatic primary immunodeficiency and represents a heterogenous collection of disorders resulting mostly in antibody deficiency and recurrent infections. The syndrome includes impaired B-cell maturation, impaired somatic hyper mutation, reduced numbers of circulating memory and isotype-switched memory B cells, and absent or reduced plasma cells. B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a tumor necrosis family receptor superfamily member 17 (TNFRSF17), expressed only on B cell lines, and is essential for survival of long-lived plasma cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate mutations in BCMA in patients with CVID in compare with normal individuals in Isfahan, Iran.Methods: Blood samples were collected from 10 CVID patients with substitutive immunoglobulin therapy before immunoglobulins (Ig) infusion and 10 normal controls in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes then DNA samples were extracted and after the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done, samples were sequenced.Findings: After reviewing the results of the sequence and alignment of the sequences, no mutations in the gene were seen.Conclusion: In addition to the study of mutation in BCMA gene, BCMA gene and protein expression level should be considered to understand more aspects of this disease.

Introduction & Objective: Vascular access is a crucial step for performing the hemodialysis. Routinely, any patient undergoing hemodialysis should operate for native Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF). The aim of this study was to determine maturation time of the AVF and its relationship with underlying diseases.Materials & Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study 87 patients with AVF were evaluated. The side of AVF was Antecubital in all cases. The time between AVF operation and the opening of hemodialysis was considered as maturation time. The relationship between maturation times and Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and renal failure causes were evaluated.Results: 26 patients (29.9%) were female and 61 (70.1%) were male. The mean maturation time was 5.6±2.4 weeks. The mean maturation time in Diabetic and non-Diabetic patients was 6.1±2.4 and 4.9±2.2 weeks, respectively (P=0.016), in CAD and non-CAD patients were 6.8±2.5 and 5.1±2.1 weeks, respectively (P=0.001) and in the groups with middle arterial pressure<110 mmHg and>=110 mmHg were 6.1±2.4 and 3.6±0.8 weeks, respectively (P=0.001). The correlation coefficient between the maturation time and age was 0.453 (P<0.001) which was meaningful. There was no significant relationship between the maturation time and the gender, history of heparin usage at the time of operation. The central vein catheterization and the history of hemodialysis.Conclusions: Our studies showed that the patient's age and underlying diseases such as blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and CAD may affect the maturation time of AVF. That might be helpful if it is taken into consideration before prospective hemodialysis planning.

The reproductive biology of the Neogobius pallasi (Berg, 1916) was examined from Gomishan wetland a period of one year (2006-2007). This species are as important food for economic fish species in Caspian sea, specially for Acipenserid species. Different samples were taken from Gomishan wetland during one-year period of study. At this stage, the number of undifferentiated, previtellogenic stage, vitellogenic stage and postvitellogenic oocytes, and oocytes were counted. The number and diameter of ovary, nucleus and nucleolus were also measured. Data were analyzed using Systat statistical software. Results indicated that Neogobius pallasi was (p <0.05) with respect to the numbers of differentiated and previtellogenic oocytes, and the diameter of chorion layers. GSI measurement showed that peak of sexual maturity in this species occurred in June.

The reproductive biology of the genus Neogobius melanostomus was examined from Gomishan wetland a period of one year (2006-2007). In the present study, one fish species namely N. melanostomus was studied, This species are as important food for economic fish species in caspian sea, specially for Acipenserid species. Different samples were taken from Gomishan wetland during one-year period of study. At this stage, the number of undifferentiated, previtellogenic stage, vitellogenic stage and postvitellogenic oocytes, and oocytes were counted. The number and diameter of ovary, nucleus and nucleolus were also measured. Data were analyzed using Systat statistical software. Results indicated that N. melanostomus was significantly different (p<0.05) with other two species with respect to the numbers of differentiated and previtellogenic oocytes, and the diameter of chorion layers. GSI measurement showed that peak of sexual maturity in this species occurred in July.

Background: Vascular Access (VA) is an important aspect for blood circulatory in Hemodialysis (HD). Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) is a suitable procedure to gain VA. Maturation of the AVF is a status of AVF, which can be cannulated for HD. This study aimed to discover the parameters that effectively reduce the duration between VA and start of HD, which symbolizes the maturation time (MT). Methods: Ninety-six patients who underwent AVF creation were selected for this study. The decision tree method was used based on CART/C4. 5 algorithm, which is one of the data mining approaches for data classification. Vascular diameter ratio (VDR) coefficient was obtained (VDR=Artery/Vein diameters). Results: We investigated the relationship between the VDR and MT in this study and found that MT is reversely related to VDR in elderly patients, while this relation was direct in younger patients. Conclusion: The analysis revealed a Spearman's correlation coefficient for Vein diameter with MT. MT decreases when diameters of vein and artery are close to one another. This study can help the surgeons to identify high-risk patients who elongate MT for HD.

Background: One of the most common techniques in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is in vitro embryo production (IVEP), the success of which depends on the intrinsic quality of oocytes and the composition of the culture medium. Objectives: This study investigates the effects of gonadotropin hormones (such as eCG and hCG) along with the antioxidant quercetin on the maturation of ovine oocytes, as well as the impact of different media on the expression of Bcl2 and Bax genes in blastocysts. Methods: After washing the oocytes, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that exhibited three or more layers of cells and homogeneous cytoplasm were selected and matured in BO-IVM, TCM (TCM-199 + 10% FBS + 10% ovine follicular fluid + 5 mg/mL FSH + 1 mg/mL estradiol-17β + 0.81 mM sodium pyruvate + 50 mg/mL gentamicin sulfate), and TCM+ (TCM + 20 µg/mL eCG + 5 µg/mL hCG + 15 µg/mL quercetin) media for 24 hours at 38.5°C, 20% O2, and 5% CO2. After maturation, oocytes were fertilized with frozen ram semen, and presumed zygotes were cultured in BO-IVC under uniform conditions. Embryo development occurred at 38.5°C in a humid atmosphere with 5% CO2, 5% O2, and 90% N2. Results: The results indicated that the BO-IVM medium had a significantly higher mean percentage of zygotes, morulae, blastocysts, and hatched blastocysts compared to TCM+ and TCM (P < 0.05). Moreover, blastocyst formation and hatched blastocysts were significantly more frequent in TCM+ than in TCM (P < 0.05). However, the BO-IVM medium demonstrated a significant improvement compared to other maturation media. Gene expression analysis showed no significant difference in Bcl2 expression among the groups, while Bax expression was significantly higher in TCM (P < 0.05). Overall, the BO-IVM medium was identified as the best option for optimizing oocyte maturation and producing high-quality blastocysts in ovine, with TCM+ yielding better results than the TCM medium without hormonal and antioxidant compounds. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the addition of the antioxidant quercetin and the growth factors eCG and hCG improved the performance of the TCM medium. However, further research is needed to enhance the performance of the TCM maturation medium compared to the commercial BO-IVM medium.